News: Murat Karadeniz
It is difficult to compare Syria with the Middle East countries such as Iraq, Iran and Egypt in terms of both human and natural resources. However, in terms of its strategic location, Syria is invaluable for the region.
SYRIA's STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE
According to Irish journalist Patric Seale , no one can control the Middle East without a direct control over Syria. There are two main reasons why Syria is so important: the first is that it has a pivotal geographical position; and the second is a source of religious, cultural and intellectual centers, political ideas and movements in the Arab and Islamic world. Seale: " Examining Syria is like examining a magnificent example in the political aquarium of the Middle East; it can be observed clearly that the majority of the political principles and trends in the contemporary Arab world are either originated in Syria or are still practiced there ".
SYRIA'S RELIGIOUS AND ETHNIC STRUCTURE
The total population of Syria was 21,906,000 according to the 2009 prospectus. Syria is the most heterogeneous country in the Middle East. Sunni Muslims make up 74-75% of the population. The population of Nusayri is 12-13% of the population and is around 2.500.000 million. Many of the Nusayrians refer to their origins as Horasan Turks.
Approximately 10% of the total population in Syria is Christian, 3% are Druze, 1% are Imam-i Shia, Ismâilî, Jews and Yazîds.
Syrian ethnic structure : 75-76% of the population consists of Arabs, 15-17% Turks, 4-5% Kurds, 2-3% Armenians, 2% Circassians and others.
SYRIA TURKISH
Turks are the most important minority in Syria. In particular, none of the Turks in Western sources counted 200 years of propaganda is the manifestation of the reason for cutting the organic bond with Turkey. Nearly 2 million Turkish-speaking Syrian, Turkish 't forgotten along with the Turks is estimated that there are 4.5 million Turks. The Turks living in large groups in Syria protect the national conscience, while the ones living in small groups are Arabic. Turks living in villages and towns speak Turkish. Hama and Humus are very close to the Ottoman Turkish .
The great majority of the Syrian Turks belong to the Sunni Hanefi sect. There are few Turkish Alevis. There is Ottoman love behind the name of "Osman" given to Turkish children , but they are complicated because of official history teaching. The hard structure of the Syrian system prevented the politicization of the Turkish movement.
When we look at the economic activities of the Syrian Turks, Aleppo Turks usually deal with agriculture and shoe industry, Lazkiye and Tartus Turks with citrus and forestry, Hama and Humus Turks with livestock and agriculture. The Turks living in Damascus are civil servants and self-employed, while the Turks living in Rakka and Dera live with agriculture.
SHORT SYRIA HISTORY
Before the conquest of Islam, Gassanids ruled in Syria.
The first connection with Syria during the Islamic era began with the invitation letters of the Prophet-i Ekrem. Mute in 629 and Ecnadyn Harbi in 634 were defeated by Byzantium and the doors of Palestine and Syria were opened to Muslims. Syria was completely conquered by the Islamic army commanded by Halid bin Veli'd by the destruction of Byzantium in the Yarmuk War of 636 .
The establishment of the Umayyad State in 661 and the construction of the capital city of Damascus increased the importance of Syria. After the Umayyads defeated Abbasids in the Great Zap Water War in 750 , Syria changed hands. By moving the administrative center of the Abbasids to Baghdad, Syria fell to a provincial position and Syrian cities lost their former value. After the Abbasids, Tolunoğulları , İhşîdîler and Fâtimî were the judges respectively in Syria . By the propagation of the Fâtimî dâîs during the time of the Fâtimîs, İsmâilîlik had the possibility to spread in Syria.
THE FIRST ENTRY IN TURKEY TO SYRIA
The Oguz tributaries began to appear in Syria in the 7th century, and during the 10th and 11th centuries intensive migrations took place in this region. Starting from 1063, the Seljuks, who settled in Hama, Homs and Şam regions, especially along the Aleppo, Lazkiye and Asi rivers, are the predecessors of the present Turks. In 1243, the Turkish tribes, who defeated the Mongols in the Kösedağ War, also settled in the Aleppo region. These fertile lands discovered in the 11th century became homeland to the Turks until the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Selim I, Selim, defeated the Mamluks in Mercidabik in 1516 and connected the present Syrian lands to the Ottomans and settled the Turkish peasants in such a way as to protect the pilgrimage path. The states established by the Turks in and around Syria ...
Tolunoğulları
It was the first independent state established by the Turks, who were Muslims in Egypt and Syria between 868-905. In this period, intensive Turkish settlement started in Syria.
İhşidiler
Turkish-Islamic tradition founded in 935 in Egypt. In addition to Syria and Palestine, Turks were ruled for the first time in the history of the Hijaz region of the Kaaba .
SYRIAN SELJUKLULARI
The Turkish-Islamic state (1078-1117), which governs Syria, Palestine and South Anatolia. Following the entry of Seljuk meliki Tutus into Damascus, which was in the siege of the Fatimids in 1078, the foundations of the state were laid. Jerusalem, Aleppo, Akkâ, Sûr, Tripoli, Jaffa, Arîş, Tabari and conquered cities. Muslim b. Quraysh and I. Suleiman Shah's retreat, Tutu was the sole command of Syria. Malazgirt protected the Islamic world against the Crusades, which began after the victory . Along with Syria, the Seljuks have also developed international trade in land, which has to be a judge in Iran and Anatolia.
Al-Jazeera, centered in Mosul and Aleppo, the Turk-Islamic monastery (1127-1233) in East Anatolia and Syria. The Zengis are the Afghar boys of the Oghuz Turks . They declared jihad against the Crusaders . Nûreddin Zengî , II. Following the Crusade, Syria was a great conqueror. Nureddin Zengi, the educational establishments and social facilities he founded, brought up Jerusalem Al-Fatihi Salahaddin-i Ayyubi along with the zoning activities he did.
AYYUBİLER The
Turkish-Islamic tradition established by Selahaddîn-i Ayyubî (1171-1250) in
Egypt, Palestine and Syria (Hama's local government until 1348).
Nuraddin Zengi died in 1174 and Selahaddin-i Ayyubi walked over Syria to capture the cities of Damascus, Ba'lebek, Hummus, Hama and Aleppo. The Hittite War defeated the Crusaders and conquered Jerusalem in 1187. In 1192, a treaty was signed on condition that all the lands except the Crusaders and the Sûr-Yafa coast lie in the Ayyubids.
ANNOUNCER SULTAN
Egypt, Syria, South Anatolia, Palestine, and the Hijaz Region (1250-1517). Some sources name will-Devletü't-Türkiyy the (Government of Turkey) as passes.
1260't the Sultan Baybars , Aynicâlût War 'in Syria defeated the Mongols conquered a large part for the first time in history. Many Turkish and Mongolian boys who took refuge in Syria were placed in various centers. Akk was conquered and the two centuries-old Crusader presence in the region was brought to an end. The Mamluks established friendly relations with the Ottomans until the last turn. Yavuz Sultan Selim during which resulted in the victory of the Ottomans in 1516 Mercidabık , 1517 Ridaniye Battles ' with the
Mamluk domination ended.
SYRIA IN OTTOMAN PERIOD
After the conquest of Yavuz Sultan Selim, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Hijaz regions were organized in the name of Arab vilayeti . During the rule of law , Syria roughly divided into Aleppo, Damascus and Tripoli states. Syria was ruled by the Hanafi sect in religious and judicial organizations attached to the center from the property and military point of view.
THE OTTOMAN GOVERNMENT'S TWO BASIC AMENITIES
The Ottoman administration had two main purposes in this period. The first is to ensure the continuity of economic and commercial life by providing internal security ; Secondly, the pilgrim caravan, which is very important for the religious and commercial life of the region, regularly provided the departure and return of Haremeyn .
BRITISH AGENCIES WORK ON!
By the end of the 1700s, the most important issue of the region, with the activities of British agents, Hijaz, Wahhabism spreading in Syria and Iraq has long suffered the Ottoman Empire.
In 1864 the provincial ordinance and the provinces of Tripoli, Sayda and Sham were united for the first time in the name of the Syrian province. After the war of 93, tens of thousands of immigrants were stationed in Syria. The negative effects of the war lasted for a few years and in some cities the anti-Ottoman declarations were seen
During World War I, the Minister of the Sea and Commander of the 4th Army , Cemal Pasha , took harsh measures against the members of the early Arab nationalism movement, who had flourished in Damascus with the support of imperialists. The alienation of the Syrian people to the Ottomans was a great influence of the hard politics of Cemal Pasha. Meanwhile, the Sykes-Picot Agreement between the British and the French was left to Syria and France. In addition, the British continued their uprising against Sharon Hussein against the Ottoman Empire. At the end of the negotiations, in response to the rebellion Sharif Hussein was promised a great Arabic kingdom including Syria . Şerîf Hussein İsyânı in June 1916 started. The Ottoman armies, unable to withstand the Attic forces and the attacks of the Arabs, were withdrawn from Jerusalem at the end of 1917 and from Syria to Aleppo in September 1918.
WHY SYRIA COME TO THIS?
While the emperor's funeral, which had been weakened for three centuries and dying for six years, was lifted in 1918, the Europeans offered Islamic lands to each other, throwing Syria in front of the French like a bite.
Held in Damascus in March 1920. notables Congress , Syria announced that the kingdom was founded by Sharif Hussein's son Faisal 's board spent. Emir Faisal, despite being crowned king of Syria, the French entered Damascus and Aleppo.
SYRIA SEPARATES 4 PARTS
During the rule of the Mandate (1920-1946), the French also used the rule of disintegration of the Ottomans for Syria. Druze Mountain, Aleppo, Damascus and Lazkiye ... Each one of them put a government in the head of the separation of the seeds and watered.
ONE TURKISH GROUND OUTSIDE TURKEY
In October 1921 The Turkish and signed between the French government in Ankara Treaty Article 9 and July 1923 Treaty of Lausanne 's in 3 accordance with Article Tomb of Suleyman Shah who Cabin Castle Turkish territory was accepted and Turkey where the right to withdraw troops possession and flag It has been recognized. Show that took place due to events happened in the region in February 2015 TSK Operation Shah Euphrates 'with twice previously carried shrine in Syria's border with Turkey Esme village ' what was transferred.
TURKEY JOINING of Hatay
Work on independence for Syria with Turkey's initiative in Hatay , were included in the borders of Turkey in June, 1939.
HOW IS SYRIA SET UP?
During World War II , Syria became the scene of social upheavals due to the negative effects of the pressures and war. In 1941, starvation brought political demands for independence. Upon the intensification of the conflicts, a ceasefire was reached with the intervention of the British. He abandoned his French demands and left Syria in the spring of 1946.
1946 ' also won the independence of Syria , President Shukri al Strong Hizb-ul Vatani Party Chairman Cemil Mardani also chose the prime minister.
WHAT IS SYRIA SUPPORT IN RUSSIA?
Palestine-how did it fallThe enemies of the Syrian people: the English, the French, and the Jews. Russia, which is not delayed by this, has tried to achieve its goals in Syria by obtaining the weaker ones from the moral point of view. The Russians had two goals : the first of these was to demolish parliamentary rule, namely to remove parliament and parties from the middle; the second is to foster racism and sectarianism. To remove the Alevis, Druze, Kurd and Christians, who are in a minority, and to defeat the rights of the majority when they say that they will protect their rights. Thus, to mix and mix, in the end, socialism is to dominate in Syria.
Russia has worked hard for it. He made a lot of money in Syria. The aim of Russia was not only to be a socialist of Syria, but to go to the Mediterranean.
THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA IS REALIZED
The greatest misfortune of Syria was the politics of the army. The first revolution in Syria was made by Colonel Hüsnü Al Zaim in March 1949. Zaim promoted himself to the Generals and sat on the seat of the presidency. Two months later, Colonel Sami Hunnavi made his second revolution and killed his friend Zaim and passed it himself.
Colonel Faisal Attaché , who took advantage of the rift between power and political parties , added a new military coup in 1954. Colonel Attashi was a socialist. So the plans of the Russians took place after years. In Syria, the parliament has not yet been able to work and socialism has prevailed. Thus, Russians realized the ideal of reaching the Mediterranean in 300 years so that Tsar 1. Petro could become Russia's world state.
BAAS PATHRICTIVE DEVELOPMENT
March 7, 1963, a group of officers decided to overthrow the government. Whether their opponents will be arrested by officers with paratroopers and armored Damascus ' a rally. The people who woke up in the morning met with revolutionary news. "It is one of those as far as it is now," they said, but this revolution brought the Ba'th Party into power.
hafiz esadDuring this period, the influence of the army on politics increased and non-Baathist Sunni officers were brought to critical missions. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War , Israel occupied the Golan Heights, where Syria has significant water resources . General Hafiz Asad , who served as a child of an Alevi family in the village of Kardaha in the village of Kardaha after the war and who graduated from Humus Military Academy in 1954 and served as the Air Force commander in 1964 and as defense minister since 1966 , a military revolution took place.
PROFILE ESAD PERIOD
In every election held between 1971 and June 2000 in search of the twelve year period, during the period of Hasan Asad, the President of the Republic, the Ba'ath Party's socialist statist economy as well as the private sector were supported to achieve political stability and economic growth. The urban Sunni Muslims were dissolved from the government and the provincial and non-Sunni elements were brought to their places. Against this policy, rebellions occasionally appeared in the cities of Damascus, Aleppo, Hama and Humus with the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood movement (Hama rebellion 1982). Syrian-Soviet relations developed. The Israeli occupation of the Golan heights continued in the October 1973 Israeli War , co-organized with Egypt . In December 1981, Israel annexed Golan.
SYRIAN KINGDOM: MEMORY FROM ESADsuriye113
Bashar al-Assad, son of Hafiz Assad, was elected president of Syria with a referendum held in 2001. In the new era in Syria, disputes lived for many years Turkey has established good relationships with. Political stability, democratization and economic growth, along with the continued efforts of Turkey to Iran primarily against Israeli and American pressure, has tried to improve its relations with Russia and China.
HOW IS THE SYRIA INTERNAL WAR HAD STARTED?
In March 2011, 15 children aged 9-15 in Deraa, south of Syria , were arrested and tortured for the slogan "The people want to demolish the order" , which they wrote on the school wall . His relatives who were protesting this situation were also subjected to police violence.
Deraa is a private settlement. A large majority of the people living in Deraa are seyyidi, the elders of Ahl al-Bayt ... When the people were killed in Deraa, the city first spread to different cities such as İdlip, Aleppo, Hama, Humus, Banyas and Lazkaya. Peaceful demonstrations were held in Syria after the Friday prayers for 6 months.suriye114
Although Bashar al-Assad promised to reform twice, the security forces used violent violence against the people and they turned away from the army and turned into an uprising that wanted to overthrow the regime with the soldiers who participated in the insurgency. Assad forces have been using chemical weapons since the first day of the war in the bombing of civilians by land and air, humanity guilty. In this process, the international community could not intervene; Did not even open a humanitarian corridor for Syrian civilians. The Arab League Peace Plan could not produce a solution to the crime in Syria and the problem was moved to the UN. In the work of the UN, first of all, a ceasefire between the parties and a "transitional government" but the problem for the Syrians has been further deepened by the fact that the regime has not been able to solve the problem and continue its attacks.
To summarize the current situation in Syria, the Syrian opposition is the common name given to all dissident organizations established in Syria. The roof organization of the opposition is the Coalition of the Opposition Powers of the Syrian Revolution.
There are 4 main opposition formations
1- Islamists
2- Independents
3- Turks
4- Kurds
SYRIAI REFUGEE PROBLEM
Multiscreen AnalysisSince the beginning of the crisis in Syria, millions of people have been forced to leave their homes and have taken refuge in safe countries. The UK-based Syrian Human Rights Observatory (SOHR) has announced that more than 240 people have died in Syria since 2011, more than 71 of them are civilians as of August 2015.
THE LAST SITUATION IN TURKEY IN SYRIA
There are conflicts in Kızıldağ where Lazkiye , where Turks live in Syria , has Strategic Preservation. In the presence of a violent Russian air bomber, attacks on the civilian settlement areas of regime forces are also continuing.turkmen
Russia, Syria and Hezbollah, who started attacking the region where the Syrian Turks lived, entered Turkmen Mountain . 27 A tripartite alliance that bombs the air and land around the Turkmen Mountain where the Turkish village is located may be entering the region for two reasons:
" 1 . Assad enlarges the regime and the territory of Russia.
2. The Turkish presence in the southern part of Hatay is abolished and it is settled with the forces that support Assad. " (Hürriyet-Taha Akyol)
ANALYSIS-REVIEWS
Ulu Hakan 2. Abdülhamid Hân's promise that "If I lift up the stone, the English finger comes out from under it" is a very real thing. As a matter of fact, the Anglo-Saxons have been leaning on the Ottoman lands since the 18th century in order to bring up corruption among the Muslims and to disintegrate the Islamic unity. The British had three important projects:
1- To lift the Ottoman Empire.
2- Undermining scientific studies; To bring the Islamic geography into a colonial / semi-colonial state.
3- To deepen sectarian divisions; To raise Islam, the enemies of each other.suriye112
They did the first two. They have been working for the third century. The Anglo-Saxon building, which uses Russia and local forces to dismantle the Ottoman Empire, is now working on a new project. The architects of the maps and puppet regimes drawn on the scale in Africa and the Middle East gave the name "Arab Spring" to this project .
For 1200 years Turks and the West have been fighting for the existence of Islam and the Cross in this geography. The right will be superstitious. In the words of Yusuf Kaplan: "We will go when they come."
LAST WORD
When we look at the Middle East today, we can see that the peace that the Turks, who made the land of this land and the flag of the Islamic world for 1300 years, established with this Ottoman Empire, old peace, trust and stability will not be caught in any way. If we are defeated in the search for stability and peace, and if we withdraw from them, we do not lose this war.
References:
IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation, Syria Report
The Islamic Encyclopedia, Volume 37, 2009
Hekimoğlu Ismail, Syria How Does This Halt Move ?, New Asian Publications, 1974
Yılmaz Öztuna, Islamic States, Ministry of Culture Publications, 1989
Ömer Faruk Abdullah, Syria File, Aqaba Publications, 1988
http://www.selcuk.edu.tr/
http://www.sabah.com.tr/
http://www.gazetevatan.com/
unhcr.org.tr/
state.gov/
http://www.orsam.org.tr/
